For segments, the job is split between hardware and microcode. When LD_DESCRIPTOR fires its protection test at 5CD, the Test PLA OR's the A-bit (bit 8 of the descriptor high DWORD) into a temporary register called PROTUN. Then the microcode at PROT_TESTS_PASSED takes over and writes the modified value back to the GDT or LDT in memory:
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September 2025: I added the Dreame Aqua10 Ultra Roller as the best robot vacuum for pet hair on carpet and shifted the Roborock Saros 10R (previously named the best robot vacuum overall) to the best robot vacuum for pet hair on hard floors.